Antibiotics are medications used to fight bacterial infections. Before their appearance, many diseases were considered incurable and led to death. Today, antibiotics are still powerful, life-saving medicines. They can also prevent the development of less serious infections.
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Antibiotics, or antibacterials, are a group of active substances that either kill pathogenic microbes (bactericides) or prevent their reproduction (bacteriostatics) so that the immune system can destroy the infection. There are natural antibiotics, produced, for example, by bacteria called actymenocetes, which form mold. In ancient times, antibiotics were used to treat some wounds.
Antibacterial drugs are classified depending on the specific disease and active substance. There are currently eight different groups of antibiotics:
Some antibiotics act against specific bacteria and are intended to treat specific diseases. For example, isoniazid is prescribed to treat tuberculosis.
How long do antibiotics last?
Antibiotics act against bacteria in several ways: they slow down or stop their reproduction; attack the walls or membranes around bacteria; prevent their reproduction; block protein production in bacteria. Antibiotics begin to work in the body immediately after the first dose. However, signs of recovery are felt only after 2-3 days.
It all depends on the type of infection. Most medications are prescribed for 7 or 14 days. Sometimes a shorter course of treatment is effective. The attending physician determines the optimal duration and specific drug, which is especially important during pregnancy. Even if you feel better after a few days, you must complete the entire course of treatment to completely get rid of the infection. It also helps prevent antibiotic resistance. Do not stop taking your medications without first consulting your doctor
How are antibiotics produced?
Antibiotics originate from various sources. The discovery of the first beta-lactam antibiotic, penicillin, was serendipitous; it developed from mold contamination in a Petri dish. This led to the realization that certain fungi naturally produce penicillin. Additionally, other types of antibiotics were initially derived from bacteria in soil.
While many antibiotics today are synthetically manufactured in laboratories using specific chemical precursors, some are still derived partially from natural sources. Penicillin, for instance, is produced through a fermentation process. This method involves a series of chemical reactions that can modify the original substance, potentially resulting in different antibiotic compounds.
Antibiotic resistance: what is it?
Taking antibiotics too often or using them incorrectly causes such dramatic changes in the composition of bacteria that the drugs no longer work against them. This is called antibiotic resistance. Some bacteria are now resistant to even the most powerful antibiotics.
Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution through natural selection and is also a serious problem. Often, medical professionals lack quick diagnostic tools to determine which diseases are caused by bacteria and which are not. Lack of clean water, poor sanitation, and limited vaccination programs contribute to the spread of infections for which antibiotics are prescribed.
To avoid bacterial resistance, you must follow some rules:
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Antibiotics should only be used for bacterial infections. Do not use it if you have a viral illness (cold, flu, cough, or sore throat).
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Reception is carried out strictly according to the doctor's prescription. Omissions or different dosages lead to increased antibiotic resistance.
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You should also stop taking medications for medical reasons, even if you feel better after a few days. Otherwise, the disease will quickly return.
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Do not take antibiotics prescribed for relatives or other people or left over from previous treatment. The drug is specially selected for a specific type of infection, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body.